How to Size a Pool Pump for Your In-Ground Pool

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When purchasing a new in-ground swimming pool, you need to determine what size pool pump is required. There is a tendency to purchase a bigger pump than what is necessary because people think bigger is better. However, not only does this lead to higher operating costs, but you may also be overpowering your filter system. As a general rule, you should have a pump that filters all the water in a pool in an eight-hour period. This page will show you how to select a pump that filters all the water in your pool in eight hours.

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Video

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Step 1

Rectangular Pools

Your first step is to determine the number of gallons of water in your pool. The formulas for calculating the gallons depend on the shape of your pool.

Measure the length (ft), the width (ft) and the average depth. The average depth is determined by adding the depth at the shallow end to the depth at the deep end and dividing by two.

The formula for calculating the total gallons in a rectangular pool is Gallons = Length x Width x Average Depth x 7.5.

For example (see picture): your pool is 30 ft long and 15 ft wide. The pool's shallow end is 4 ft and its deep end is 8 ft. So, the pool's average depth is 4 plus 8 = 12 divided by 2. This gives you 6 ft. The pool's capacity is 30 ft x 15 ft x 6 ft x 7.5 = 20,250 gallons. Go to Step 5.

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Step 2

Round Pools

Determine the number of gallons of water in your round pool, measure the diameter of the pool and its average depth. The average depth is determined by adding the depth at the shallowest part to the depth at the deepest part and dividing by two.

The formula for calculating the total gallons in a round pool is Gallons = Diameter x Diameter x Average Depth x 5.9.

For example (see picture): your pool is 25 ft in diameter, the pool's shallow end is 3 ft and its deep end is 7 ft. So the pool's average depth is 3 plus 7 = 10 divided by 2. This gives you 5 ft. The pool's capacity is 25 ft x 25 ft x 5 ft x 5.9 = 18,428 gallons. Go to Step 5.


Step 3

Oval Pools

To determine the number of gallons of water in your oval pool, measure the longest diameter, the shortest diameter, and the average depth. The average depth is determined by adding the depth at the shallow end to the depth at the deep end and dividing by two.

The formula for calculating the total gallons in an oval pool is: Gallons = Longest diameter x Shortest diameter x Average depth x 6.7.

For example (see picture): Your pool's longest diameter is 25 ft, shortest diameter is 15 ft and the pool's average depth is (3 + 7) / 2 = 5 ft. The pool's capacity is 25 x 15 x 5 x 6.7 = 12,563 gallons. Go to Step 5.

 

Step 4

Kidney Shaped Pools

To determine the number of gallons of water in your kidney-shaped pool, measure the largest width, the smallest width, and the average depth. The average depth is determined by adding the depth at the shallow end to the depth at the deep end and dividing by two.

The formula for calculating the total gallons in a kidney-shaped pool is: Gallons = (Longest width + Shortest width) x Length x Average depth x 3.38.

For example (see picture): Your pool's length is 25 ft, longest width is 15 ft, shortest width is 10 ft and the pool's average depth is (3 + 7) / 2 = 5 ft. The pool's capacity is (15 + 10) x 25 x 5 x 3.38 = 10,563 gallons.


Step 5

Now that you have calculated the number of gallons in your swimming pool, you want to determine the required gallons per minute (GPM) you need to a pool pump to clean all the water in your pool in eight hours. To come up with this flow rate, simply divide your calculated gallons by eight.

For the Rectangular pool example, the GPH required is 20,250 gallons / 8 hours or 2531 GPH.

Most pool pump specifications are expressed in gallons per minute (GPM). So, to convert from GPH to GPM, divide your GPH by 60 minutes - 2531 GPH / 60 = 42.2 GPM.


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Step 6

Having calculated your required GPM, you next have to figure out the average Feet of Head for your pool pump. Check out our blog on How to Calculate Feet of Head

**Please note, we are currently reviewing our procedure for estimating feet of head. Current estimates are too high**

Step 7

You now have the information required to select the size of your pool pump. Go to the description page of the style of pump you would like to purchase. Many pump manufacturers will provide a chart on this description page showing the HP required for your particular GPM and Foot of Head. For example, say you wanted the popular Hayward Super Pump (an abbreviated version of the Hayward Super Pump performance page is shown at the left). Based on the data calculated above for a typical RECTANGULAR pool, we are looking for a pump that will handle 42GPM with a 47 Feet of Head. According to the chart for 50 Feet of Head (closest to 47'), we need a pump between 3/4 HP (31 GPM) and 1 HP (50 GPM). Since we always go for the higher GPM, we would select the 1 HP pump.

Step 8

The full performance page for the Hayward Super Pump can be found at this link, Hayward Super Pump. For the location of performance pages for other pump models, contact an Inyopools sales representative at 1-877-372-6038.

Step 9

The size of your pool filter is directly related to the pool pump you have selected. If your pool filter is too small for the pump, there will be additional strain on the pump motor as it tries to push water through and encounters resistance at the filter. This will eventually burn out the pump motor and your filtration will also be compromised. We recommend selecting the filter so that it is oversized to be absolutely certain it can handle the flow coming from the pump. So, in this case, instead of getting a filter rated at exactly 42 GPM, you should select one that is a little higher – around 60 GPM would be fine.


Step 10

There are a couple of other considerations that should be mentioned in your selection of a swimming pool pump. The above calculations are based on a basic pool configuration with no extra water features like: fountains, spas, waterfalls, solar heating, and in-floor cleaning systems. These features generally require higher GPM rates which equate to a higher HP pump. Also if your pool requires greater than 60 GPM you may need at least 2" diameter suction pipes. Suction pipes of 1 1/2" have a physical limit of 60 GPM. 2" pipes can handle up to 100 GPM.


Comments

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(521 to 560 of 603)

 Posted: 9/7/2013 

I have a pool 12'x34', shallow end 3.5', deep end 8.5'. I have a heyward DE4800, old school. after calculating everything here, I think my pool holds about 18400 gallons of water. my DE4800 is shot and I need to replace it. a neighbor is giving me a Sta-Rite system 2 PLM150 filter system. will this work. the pump I have now is 3/4 HP.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 9/3/2013 

Frog - $70 a year seems very low for a VS pump savings. See our guide on "How to Save Money Using a Variable Speed Motor" for more information. As to the size of VS pump to purchase, they currently come in two sizes, about 1.6 HP and 3.0 + HP. I would go with the larger HP for your size pool. Since they are self-adjusting, you can scale the HP down to what's actually needed.
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 Posted: 9/1/2013 

I have an inground irregular/kidney shaped pool with 16,000 gallons. It is a saltwater pool with solar heating (2 story house) and infloor sweepers. I have 2 drains ~3 ft apart and 1 skimmer with an avg. ft head of 48 ft. I have a DE filter. My pump size is 2HP A.O. Smith MOD K48N2PA105C4, Volts 230 with a Pentair WhisperFLo Mod WFE-8 2 HP/ Service factor of 1.3 pump. Should I change to a VS pump with less HP and if so which size would be best? I have used energy savings calculators and they say I will only save $70 a year, seems low. 50% of our energy use is running the pool pump ~5 tp 6 hrs a day. Thanks for your help!
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 Posted: 8/27/2013 

Thank you!!
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/26/2013 

MDF - You are correct. For a single speed motor you want to run it as short a time as required. For a VS motor you want to reduce the speed as much as you can and run it for as long as you can at that lower rate. Remember if you cut your speed from 3450 RPM to 1725, you will reduce your energy costs to 1/8 over the same period of time. If a SS pump costs $240 to run a month at 8 hours a day, a VS pump will cost $60 to run at 1725 for 16 hours a day. Both will turn over the same volume of water.
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 Posted: 8/26/2013 

Thanks for the fast response! Ok, I thought I was required to get all of the pool water through in 8 hours. We run our pump continuously, so does that mean we could spread it over 24 hours and plan for bursts of turning it in 8?
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/26/2013 

MDF - Your requirement for 198 GPM is based on running your 95,000 gallons of water through your filter in 8 hours. If you ran the pump 10 hours instead of 8, you could use a pump that had a flow of 160 GPM. There are at least two VS pumps that will generate 160 GPM: the Hayward EcoStar Variable Speed Pump and the Pentair IntelliFlo Variable Speed. Both motors are over 3.75 Total HP. If you ran these motors at half speed [and half flow] for 20 hours, you would reduce your energy cost to 1/8 of your full speed energy cost. See our guide on "How to Save Money Using a Variable Speed Motor".
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 Posted: 8/25/2013 

We have a 25'x 78' rectangular pool with a deep end of 10' and a shallow end of 3'. I calculated this to be about 95,000 gallons based on the formula given in step 1. This leads me to 11,875 GPH or 198 GPM.

We have 4 skimmers and 2 main drains, but no other suction features.
I calculated the average feet of head to be 90'.

We had a single speed 3HP pump running 24x7 that just froze up. So we need to replace it.

Question 1. Can we get a variable speed pump?
Question 2. None of the pumps listed in the Hayward table seem to meet these specs. Can you tell me the name of another brand that might meet these specs?

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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/23/2013 

lance - The model number of a pump is sometimes stamped into the shoulder of the pump near the discharge port. If not, try looking on the underside of the strainer cover. A part number is usually stamped there that can be crosschecked to the pump on a parts list.
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 Posted: 8/22/2013 

Thank you, very helpful !!!
 Reply

 Posted: 8/22/2013 

Hi, sorry me again. I think the pool pump is a sta rite however, I cannot find a model number on it at all. Any clue on where it is located? This is actually my mother pool and bought the house a couple of years ago and she didn't get any manuals or information on the pool. I don't know the age of it and I am assuming it's a sta rite based on a picture search I did.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/14/2013 

lance - You are correct. The pump shaft seal will depend on the type of pump.
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 Posted: 8/13/2013 

Thanks so much! Now...the pump shaft seal will depend on the type of pump I have right?
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/12/2013 

lance - For a 20K gallon pool, people will generally use a 1 1/2 HP motor. You actually have a 1.67 HP motor. A pump's Total HP (THP) is measured by multiplying the pump's stated HP by its Service Factor (SF). If you look on the label of your B848 you will see that it has a HP 1.0 and a SF of 1.67. The product of the two numbers is 1.67 which is your pump's THP. I would replace your current motor with the same motor. Remember to replace your pump's shaft seal when you change out the motor.
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 Posted: 8/11/2013 

I have a 20k gallon pool with a 1.0 hp SF 165 AO SMITH B848 Pump motor that has died. The pool has 2 returns, 1 skimmer, and 1 drain. My thinking is to replace it with a 1.5 hp AO Smith B2854. Can I do that or should I stay with 1.0 hp? If I replace with the 1.5 hp will I need upgrade the impeller, diffuser and eye seal?
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 8/1/2013 

Jon - Sounds like your bearings are going again. They may have been misaligned when installed. If you didn't replace the shaft seal, it may be spraying onto the motor. You could definitely go to a 1 HP motor for your size pool and setup. And, if you can afford the initial cost, you should consider a variable speed pump. See our guide on "How to Save Money Using a Variable Speed Motor". They are just coming out with smaller 1 1/2 HP VS pump that would work well for your setup.
 Reply

 Posted: 7/28/2013 

Excellent information so far, just a couple of questions. I have 16000 gallon inground with no fountains, just suction vacuum and solar heating as well as gas heater. Currently I have 3/4 hp Hayward super pump that I just changed bearings however its starting to make a squeaking noise from the motor. First question, are my new bearings going again or do you think motor is just dying? Also wondering if i should upgrade to 1hp? I have to keep my pump running 24/7 should look into variable speed or stick to single ? Thanks in advance
 Reply

 Posted: 7/28/2013 

We have a 1000 gallon, in ground spa that we cannot keep from getting green from one Saturday to the next. Usually, by Wednesday or Thursday, it is green. We have been trying to bring the phosphates under control. We shocked it yesterday and today the phosphates were at 300. A month ago, we drained the entire spa and filled it with new water. We are constantly needing to shock it because the chlorine barely registers even though there are tablets in the dispenser and we have been diligent about keeping the Soda Ash level in range. We are going nuts. The GPM rate is 16.7 and the head is 10. I took a picture of the pump to see what the pump was and found that it is a Magnetek Century 8-77064-03 Pool and Spa Motor. 1081 Pump Duty. the
HP is 2.o - .25 The filter is a Hayward, Star Clear Plus,__ __175.

We are at our wits end. It is in our rental and we maintain it but we can't.

Can you make suggestions as to what the problem can be. It acts like the water goes through the inlet and right back out the outlet and never is filtering because the pressure never changes at all. Yesterday, we engineered to parts that close the cartridge filter hold so it fits tightly rather than leaving a space in the center. It seems to have changed the pressure from 28 - 30 after filtering out most of the green algae. It didn't seem like the water was ever going through the filter so we forced it to go through the filter.

HELP, Please....

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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/23/2013 

oyster56 - I don't see a motor replacement at 1.25 THP, but based on your information, you could probably use a motor with 1.1 or 1.0 THP. The 1.1 THP motor is a standard uprated motor, UST1102. The 1.0 THP motor is an Energy Efficient (EE) motor, UCT1102. The EE motor is $40 more but would save you 20% on operating costs. Also since these both are slightly smaller motors than your old one, you will have to buy a smaller impeller. And, for any motor replacements, you should buy a new shaft seal.
 Reply

 Posted: 7/23/2013 

We have a pool that just about exactly matches your average pool but it has only one drain and one skimmer, which are an average of 30 ft. away from the pool pump. We currently have a A.O. Smith Century Centurion 1 HP motor with an SF factor of 1.25, which has reached the end of its life. This pump motor is on a Jacuzzi Magnum 1000 pump. Is a replacement with THP of 1.25 sufficient or over or under our needs? There are no additional features such as waterfalls using the pool pump's capacity. Although I favour a VS pump for the quiet and the lower environmental impact, given our modest electricity costs and a short swimming season of less than three months, we will probably stay with a single speed pump motor. Thoughts? Suggestions? Thanks.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/18/2013 

Mike - Your pool holds about 10,000 gallons of water. A 1 1/2 HP pump should be sufficient to handle circulation for this size pool and your waterfalls.
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 Posted: 7/17/2013 

I am having a 27x12 fiberglass pool installed. The deep end being 5'. I am also having a three tier waterfall with 1 shear decent in the middle and 2 18" shear decents on either side. I am having a 1 1/2 hp pump installed. My question is should I get a second pump to run the waterfalls. The pump will be located 15' from the skimmer.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/17/2013 

MM - For a head of 11' you would need a 1/2 HP Hayward Super Pump that would provide 55 GPM. This is overkill but this is the smallest pump we sell. For a head of 67' the charts show you would need a 1 HP Hayward Super II Pump (different class of pump) which provides 35 GPM. The next lower pump, 3/4 HP, is right on the edge of providing 19 GPM for 67' of head and the manufacturer recommends going up to the next level.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/16/2013 

Bjtex - Yes, you could use a 1 1/2 HP pump but you're on the edge. You could hedge your choice a little by getting a 1 1/2 HP pump with a SF of 1.10 or 1.25 to get a slightly higher THP. THP = HP x SF. If you are concerned about operating cost and can afford the initial pump cost, you should look at buying an Energy Efficient (EE) pump or a 2 speed or variable speed pump.
 Reply

 Posted: 7/16/2013 

I am building a small inground splash pool of size 13' X 8' with 3' depth. This will contain 2300 gallons of water. I have two options for placing the pump ; one nearby with head of 11' and the other at a distance with head of 67'. What capacity of pump and also the pump size is recommended in each of the two cases with flow of 19 GPM? Appreciate urgent help. Thanks



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 Posted: 7/14/2013 

I have a 30K In-ground pool with 40 ft of head and 2 in water lines Could I use a 1.5 hp pump. I currently have a 10 yr. old 2 hp pump that's very costly to run...

Thanks

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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/8/2013 

volts/amps/watts - A pool motor's volts/amps/watts are generally defined by the HP of the motor. With little exception, pool motors use either 115V or 230V. That is defined by the power available at the house. Amps (and Watts) are directly related to HP. The more HP a motor has, the more Amps/Watts it will use. Some EE motor are designed to be more energy efficient than their stand counterparts and might use 20% less Amps/ Watts for the same HP.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/8/2013 

Glenn- Your main limitation is your pool's pipe size of 1 1/2". For your volume of water you could probably use a 2 THP pump but your piping should not use anything over 1 1/2 THP. Note that's real or Total HP [THP] which is the product of HP and Service Factor [SF] - see motor label. For example, a motor with a labeled HP of 1.5 and a SF of 1.4 has a real THP of 1.5 x 1.4 or 2.1 THP. If you have the option of changing out your piping for 2" or 2 1/2" pipes, you could use the larger pumps.
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Anonymous  Posted: 7/7/2013 

I have a 14 x 28 rectangle pool, I know I need a 1hp pump, but how do I know how many volts/amps/watts ?
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 Posted: 7/6/2013 

Please help,
I have a 24x48 inground liner pool (50,000gallons). I have to run the pump 24/7 to keep clean. There is 2 stair returns, and 2 returns in shallow end for a total of 4 (2 lines leave pump and turn to 4). I then have 2 skimmers and one bottom drain. All the pipes are 1.5 inch. 500lb sand filter and a 1hp motor. What changes do I need to do so I don't have to run pump all day and night and keep a clean pool? Any advice would be super helpful! Thank you.

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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 7/2/2013 

anna - This guide provides an estimate for a typical pool. With your pool's extra returns and drains, you could go with a 1 1/2 THP pump. A 2 THP pump is probably too big. However, if you have 2" piping in your suction and return lines, you could go with a 2 THP pump and if you find it's too much you could back it off by substituting a smaller impeller. Note make sure you are looking at real or Total Horse Power (THP) which is the product of HP and Service Factor (SF) when selecting a pump size. Some pumps labeled 2 HP can actually be 2.5 THP if the SF is 1.25.
 Reply

 Posted: 7/1/2013 

I have rectangular pool with 4 drains along the bottom every 12 feet or so. My pool is 52' long by 8' wide by 6' deep. It has around 20 returns going all the way down both ends of the pool and 1 at each end. I currently have a 1 hp pump and going by your calculations, that is exactly where I should be but the returns at the far end of the pool barely have a drizzle coming out of them. I also get terrible suction while vacuuming the pool. I want to go to a 2 hp pump just because I am afraid of not going big enough. Do you think that a 1 1/2 hp would be enough?
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 6/29/2013 

terry - For your size pool with a spa and water features and 2" piping, many people use a 2 HP pump.
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 Posted: 6/28/2013 

i have a 20 x 40 33,000 gal. inground pool what size pump do i need ?
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 Posted: 6/22/2013 

I thought that determining pump head simplisticly was to measure return pipe runs from the pump to the pool instead of measuring pipe runs from skimmers and drain. If I use the measurement from skimmer and drain my head is 20; if I use the measurement of return lines my head is somewhere around 50-60. I guess I'm missing something here.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 6/14/2013 

Steelers7 - Sounds like going to a 1 1/2 HP pump is a good option. Your 600 # Sand filter will support the increased GPM flow and your pool is sized for it. Also, this size motor will support the addition of a new waterfall. When you move the pump and filter out 20', make sure that the wiring from the circuit breaker to the pump is at least 14 gauge for 230V or 12 gauge for 115V supply power. Consider buying an Energy Efficient (EE) pump for operational cost savings of 20%.
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 Posted: 6/12/2013 

Just want to know, I have a 17k inground pool with a heyward 600 lb sand filter. I want to later add a water fall using the pool water and possibly move the pump and filter approx. 20' away from where it is now. It is approx. 8' from the skimmer. Can I use a 1-1/2 hp pump wothout damaging anything right now as it stands. I currently was using a 1 hp until the motor gave out. Help.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 6/2/2013 

Jc - We generally recommend a pump with 1 1/2 Total Horse Power (THP) for a pool your size. THP is the product of HP shown on the motor label times its Service Factor (SF) printed on the label.
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InyoPools Product Specialist  Posted: 6/2/2013 

sendmiller - We would also recommend a 1 1/2 THP pump for your size pool. Be aware that when you are looking for a 1 1/2 HP pump you need to look at Total Horsepower (THP) which is the product of HP and Service Factor (SF). If you look at your motor label, your HP might read 1 HP and the SF might read 1.5. Your motor's THP would be 1 x 1.5 or 1.5 THP.
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 Posted: 6/2/2013 

Hi im trying to change my pump & piping on my inground pool..my pump is rusted i cant see the pump info..here's my pool info i got 20k gallons 1 skimmer & 1 return ,1.5" pipe will change to 2"...i measure the feet of head about 20 feet & will put three 90 deg fitting once change...my filter is sand w/ filtration area of 2.6 ft , filtration rate of 20 gpm/ft,filtration & backwash design flow rate of 52 ..pump info's 3/4 hp w/true hp of 1.22 @ max,feet of head of 22 & flow rate of 50 gpm.. Or 1 hp w/true hp of 1.65 @ max,feet of head of 24 & flow rate of 54 gpm..do i go 3/4 hp or 1 hp?...thanks
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